CD4+ T cells are crucial for directing appropriate immune responses during host defense
and for the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. In addition to the classical biphasic …

The understanding of the intestinal inflammation occurring in the inflammatory bowel
diseases (IBD) has been immeasurably advanced by the development of the now numerous …

Synapse remodeling is essential to encode experiences into neuronal circuits. Here, we
define a molecular interaction between neurons and microglia that drives experience …

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a nuclear-associated cytokine of the IL-1 family originally described
as a potent inducer of allergic type 2 immunity. IL-33 signals via the receptor ST2, which is …

FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are abundant in the intestine, where they prevent
dysregulated inflammatory responses to self and environmental stimuli. It is now appreciated …

Abstract Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines with a growing
number of target cells and a plethora of biological functions. Although it has commonalities …

Inflammation is a healthy response to infection or danger and should be rapid, specific and
terminated once the threat has passed. Inflammatory diseases, where this regulation fails …

Immune responses in the CNS are common, despite its perception as a site of immune
privilege. These responses can be mediated by resident microglia and astrocytes, which are …

Liver fibrosis is a consequence of chronic liver diseases and thus a major cause of mortality
and morbidity. Clinical evidence and animal studies suggest that local tissue homeostasis is …

Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is
presumed to be central to the altered responsiveness to recurrent infection in these patients …