Background—It has been shown that the activation of estrogen receptor-β (ER-β) plays an
important cardioprotective role against ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the …

Rapid signaling of estrogen involves membrane estrogen receptors (ERs), including
membrane subpopulations of ERα and ERβ. In the mid-1990s, several laboratories …

Aims Adult offspring who are born intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) are at risk of
developing cardiovascular diseases during adulthood. Additionally, several cardiac …

The prevalence and clinical manifestation of several cardiovascular diseases vary
considerably with sex and age. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular basis of these …

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by dilatation of the left ventricle and
impaired systolic function and is the second most common cause of heart failure after …

This review takes into consideration the main mechanisms involved in cellular remodeling
following an ischemic injury, with special focus on the possible role played by non-genomic …

Important sex differences in the onset and characteristics of cardiovascular disease are
evident, yet the mechanistic details remain unresolved. Men are more susceptible to …

The estrogen receptor (ER) mediates estrogenic activity in a variety of organs, including
those in the reproductive, cardiovascular, immune, and central nervous systems …

Estrogen has pleiotropic actions, among which are its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and
vasodilatory effects. Recently, an interaction between 17β-estradiol (E2) and the …

Premenopausal females have a lower incidence of death from cardiovascular disease
(CVD) than male counterparts, supporting the notion that estrogen is protective against the …