Although long-term memory consolidation is supported by sleep, it is unclear how it differs
from that during wakefulness. Our review, focusing on recent advances in the field, identifies …

The glymphatic concept along with the discovery of meningeal lymphatic vessels have, in
recent years, highlighted that fluid is directionally transported within the central nervous …

Long-term memory formation is a major function of sleep. Based on evidence from
neurophysiological and behavioral studies mainly in humans and rodents, we consider the …

Since ancient times it is known that melancholia and sleep disturbances co-occur. The
introduction of polysomnography into psychiatric research confirmed a disturbance of sleep …

The active inference framework, and in particular its recent formulation as a partially
observable Markov decision process (POMDP), has gained increasing popularity in recent …

Episodic memory reflects the ability to recollect the temporal and spatial context of past
experiences. Episodic memories depend on the hippocampus but have been proposed to …

Neural activity and behavior are both notoriously variable, with responses differing widely
between repeated presentation of identical stimuli or trials. Recent results in humans and …

Synaptic loss and deficits in functional connectivity are hypothesized to contribute to
symptoms associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress …

Emerging studies across learning domains have shed light on mechanisms underlying
sleep's benefits during numerous developmental periods. In this conceptual review, we …

The view that sleep is essential for survival is supported by the ubiquity of this behavior, the
apparent existence of sleep-like states in the earliest animals, and the fact that severe sleep …