Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the main mechanisms
of pharmacological action of essential oils and their components in various biological …

The transient receptor potential ankyrin (TRPA) channels are Ca 2+-permeable nonselective
cation channels remarkably conserved through the animal kingdom. Mammals have only …

Abstract Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels are evolutionarily conserved integral
membrane proteins. The mammalian TRP superfamily of ion channels consists of 28 cation …

Objective The aim is to review the most important aspects about tooth whitening treatments,
their side effects, and the new emerging approaches to overcome them. Overview This …

Introduction Chronic pain affects approximatively 30–50% of the population globally.
Pathologies such as migraine, diabetic neuropathy, nerve injury and treatment with …

The large Trp gene family encodes transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins that form
novel cation-selective ion channels. In mammals, 28 Trp channel genes have been …

This review analyses whether skin temperature represents ambient temperature and serves
as a feedforward signal for the thermoregulation system, or whether it is one of the body's …

Gram-negative bacterial infections are accompanied by inflammation and somatic or
visceral pain. These symptoms are generally attributed to sensitization of nociceptors by …

The detection and processing of painful stimuli in afferent sensory neurons is critically
dependent on a wide range of different types of voltage-and ligand-gated ion channels …