Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) continues to be among the most common
diseases seen by gastroenterologists, surgeons, and primary care physicians. Our …

The intestinal mucosa provides a selective permeable barrier for nutrient absorption and
protection from external factors. It consists of epithelial cells, immune cells and their …

The gut microbiome plays an important role in human health and influences the
development of chronic diseases ranging from metabolic disease to gastrointestinal …

Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacillus, which
is widely distributed in the intestinal tract of humans and animals and in the environment. In …

Objective The adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been documented for
pneumonia; however, there is no consensus regarding whether the use of PPIs might be …

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which gastric contents regurgitate
into the esophagus or beyond, resulting in either troublesome symptoms or complications …

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a multifaceted disorder encompassing a family
of syndromes attributable to, or exacerbated by, gastroesophageal reflux that impart …

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are common medications within the practice of
gastroenterology. These drugs, which act through the irreversible inhibition of the …

INTROduCTION The use of antibiotics and possibility of microbiota disruption during the
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic have raised questions about the incidence …

Gut microbiota is increasingly recognized to play a pivotal role in various human
physiological functions and diseases. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, research has …