A fundamental trait found in most organisms is the ability to register, process, and respond to
external factors. Although such environmental sensitivity is critical for adapting successfully …

Although rates of child maltreatment are declining, more than 600,000 children in the United
States are substantiated victims of abuse or neglect. The focus of this review is on the …

The notion that some people are more vulnerable to adversity as a function of inherent risk
characteristics is widely embraced in most fields of psychology. This is reflected in the …

This paper presents the Adaptive Calibration Model (ACM), an evolutionary–developmental
theory of individual differences in the functioning of the stress response system. The stress …

A great deal of research aims to identify risk factors related to individual vulnerability to
develop stress-induced psychopathologies. Here, we summarize evidence that point at …

Evidence of marked variability in response among people exposed to the same
environmental risk implies that individual differences in genetic susceptibility might be at …

Cumulative acute psychosocial stress is thought to promote the development of a range of
disorders which suggests that biomarkers for the physiological response may become …

Background Gene-environment interaction contributes to the risks of psychiatric disorders.
Interactions between FKBP5 gene variants and early-life stress may enhance the risk not …

The measurement of inflammation by biomarkers not only documents clinically relevant
infections but also offers an important tool to pin point potentially harmful effects of chronic …

Despite the well-established sex difference in prevalence of many childhood and adolescent
psychopathological conditions, no integrative metatheory of sex differences in …