Cardiac injury may have multiple causes, including ischaemic, non-ischaemic, autoimmune,
and infectious triggers. Independent of the underlying pathophysiology, cardiac tissue …

Keloid disease (KD) is a fibroproliferative cutaneous tumour characterised by heterogeneity,
excess collagen deposition and aggressive local invasion. Lack of a validated animal model …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease in which most
patients die within 3 years of diagnosis. With an unknown etiology, IPF results in progressive …

Disruption of the barrier function of skin increases transepidermal water loss and up-
regulates inflammatory pathways in the epidermis. Consequently, sustained expression of …

Background Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is a devastating
and life-threatening condition during its clinical course. Biomarkers for precisely anticipating …

The epidermal barrier refers to the stratum corneum, the uppermost layer of the skin, and
constitutes the first line of defense against invasion by potentially harmful pathogens …

HMGB1 protein is a multifunctional cytokine involved in inflammatory reactions and is known
to play a key role in tissue repair and fibrosis. However, the function of HMGB1 in fibrotic …

Within an articulately characterized family of ion channels, the voltage-gated sodium
channels, exists a black sheep, SCN7A (Nax). Nax, in contrast to members of its molecular …

Calprotectin (CLP) belonging to the S-100 protein family is a heterodimeric complex
(S100A8/S100A9) formed by two binding proteins. Upon cell activation, CLP stored in …

Purpose Pterygium is a vision-threatening conjunctival fibrovascular degenerated disease
with a high global prevalence up to 12%, while no absolute pharmacotherapy has been …