Evo-devo is often thought of as being the study of which genes underlie which phenotypes.
However, evo-devo is much more than this, especially in plant science. In leaf scars along …

There is a widespread view that the process of adaptation in complex systems is made
difficult due to an evolutionary cost of complexity that is reflected in lower evolvability. This …

Modularity is a ubiquitous feature of organismal design that plays an important role in
structuring patterns of morphological diversification. Modularity can facilitate evolutionary …

This article highlights the potential contribution of biological codes to the course and
dynamics of evolution. The concept of organic codes, developed by Marcello Barbieri, has …

Understanding how and why phenotypic traits covary is a major interest in evolutionary
biology. Biologists have long sought to characterize the extent of morphological integration …

The placental skull has evolved into myriad forms, from longirostrine whales to globular
primates, and with a diverse array of appendages from antlers to tusks. This disparity has …

Dunkleosteus terrelli, an arthrodire placoderm, is one of the most widely recognized fossil
vertebrates due to its large size and status as one of the earliest vertebrate apex predators …

The vertebral column is a multicomponent structure whose organization results from
developmental and functional demands. According to their distinct somitic origins, individual …

Evolutionary biology has long striven to understand why some lineages diversify
exceptionally while others do not. Most studies have focused on how extrinsic factors can …

Understanding and predicting the evolutionary responses of complex morphological traits to
selection remains a major challenge in evolutionary biology. Because traits are genetically …