This review examines the role of reactive species RS (of oxygen ROS, nitrogen RNS and
halogen RHS) on innate immunity. The importance of these species in innate immunity was …

Hemipterans (such as aphids, whiteflies, and leafhoppers) are some of the most devastating
insect pests due to the numerous plant pathogens they transmit as vectors, which are …

Stomata exert considerable effects on global carbon and water cycles by mediating gas
exchange and water vapour,. Stomatal closure prevents water loss in response to …

Sessile plants encode a large number of small peptides and cell surface-resident receptor
kinases, most of which have unknown functions. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis …

The pathogenesis‐related (PR) proteins of plants have originally been identified as proteins
that are strongly induced upon biotic and abiotic stress. These proteins fall into 17 distinct …

During host colonization, plant-associated microbes, including fungi and oomycetes, deliver
a collection of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) to their cell surfaces and surrounding …

Plants launch a concerted immune response to dampen potential infections upon sensing
microbial pathogen and insect invasions. The transient and rapid elevation of the cytosolic …

Enabling and constraining immune activation is of fundamental importance in maintaining
cellular homeostasis. Depleting BAK1 and SERK4, the co-receptors of multiple pattern …

Plant defense responses against insect herbivores are induced through wound-induced
signaling and the specific perception of herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs) …

Endogenous signalling peptides play diverse roles during plant growth, development and
stress responses. Research in recent years has unravelled peptides with previously known …