Obesity and type 2 diabetes are the most frequent metabolic disorders, but their causes
remain largely unclear. Insulin resistance, the common underlying abnormality, results from …

A family of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs) is involved in regulating tissue-specific
glucose uptake and metabolism in the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue to ensure …

As the principal tissue for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, skeletal muscle is a primary
driver of whole-body glycemic control. Skeletal muscle also uniquely responds to muscle …

Insulin resistance (IR) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of
metabolism-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, tumors, and nonalcoholic fatty …

Obesity is a chronic, relapsing condition characterized by excess body fat. Its prevalence
has increased globally since the 1970s, and the number of obese and overweight people is …

A pivotal metabolic function of insulin is the stimulation of glucose uptake into muscle and
adipose tissues. The discovery of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) …

Background The diminished glucose lowering effect of insulin in obesity, called “insulin
resistance,” is associated with glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes, and other serious …

Elevated levels of plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been associated with
insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes since the 1960s. Pharmacological activation of …

Mitochondrial damage is implicated as a major contributing factor for a number of
noncommunicable chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, obesity, and …

Objective Skeletal muscle insulin signaling is a major determinant of muscle growth and
glucose homeostasis. Protein kinase B/Akt plays a prominent role in mediating many of the …