Recent advances in neoantigen research have accelerated the development and regulatory
approval of tumor immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy and …

Dendritic cell (DC)‐based cancer immunotherapy has exhibited remarkable clinical
prospects because DCs play a central role in initiating and regulating adaptive immune …

Up to 30% of colorectal, endometrial and gastric cancers have a deficiency in mismatch
repair (MMR) protein expression due to either germline or epigenetic inactivation. Patients …

Non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have attracted extensive attention due to their vital roles in
tumorigenesis and progression, especially in the immunotherapy resistance. Tumor …

Oncolytic viruses (OVs), viruses engineered to lyse tumor cells, work hand in hand with the
immune response. While for decades the field isolated lytic capability and viral spread to …

In the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)
T cell therapy have brought immunotherapy to the forefront of cancer treatment; however …

Cancer vaccines have been considered to be an alternative therapeutic strategy for tumor
therapy in the past decade. However, the popularity and efficacy of cancer vaccines were …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that play a key role in
shaping adaptive immunity. DCs have a unique ability to sample their environment, capture …

CD4+ T cells are crucial in generating and sustaining immune responses. They orchestrate
and fine-tune mammalian innate and adaptive immunity through cell-based interactions and …

Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer,
with the tumor microenvironment (TME) playing a pivotal role in modulating the immune …