Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease and a major cause of
pain and disability in adult individuals. The etiology of OA includes joint injury, obesity …

Neuroinflammation has positive and negative effects. This review focuses on the roles of
macrophage in the PNS. Transection of PNS axons leads to degeneration and clearance of …

Maladaptive changes of nerve injury–associated genes in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) are
critical for neuropathic pain genesis. Emerging evidence supports the role of long noncoding …

Acute and chronic pain complaints, although common, are generally poorly served by
existing therapies. This unmet clinical need reflects a failure to develop novel classes of …

Reciprocal signalling between immunocompetent cells in the central nervous system (CNS)
has emerged as a key phenomenon underpinning pathological and chronic pain …

Activation of glial cells and neuro–glial interactions are emerging as key mechanisms
underlying chronic pain. Accumulating evidence has implicated 3 types of glial cells in the …

Neuropathic pain resulting from damage or dysfunction of the nervous system is a highly
debilitating chronic pain state and is often resistant to currently available treatments. It has …

Glia plays a crucial role in the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis in the central nervous
system. The microglial production of immune factors is believed to play an important role in …

The local extension of cancer cells along nerves is a frequent clinical finding for various
tumours. Traditionally, nerve invasion was assumed to occur via the path of least resistance; …

Chronic pain resulting from nerve injury, tissue inflammation, and tumor invasion or
treatment, is a major health problem impacting the quality of life and producing a significant …