I. Introduction B ETWEEN 1968 and 1973 a large body of evidence accumulated in our
laboratory and by others demonstrated that the conversion of testosterone to …

Abstract Individuals with 5α-reductase-2 deficiency (5α-RD-2) and 17β-hydroxysteroid
dehydrogenase-3 deficiency (17β-HSD-3) are often raised as girls. Over the past number of …

People born with physical intersex conditions (often better known as hermaphroditism)
remind us that the ordinary or" normal" process of physical sex differentiation is by no means …

Dihydrotestosterone is a potent androgen metabolite formed from testosterone by action of
5α-reductase isoenzymes. Mutations in the type 2 isoenzyme cause a disorder of 46, XY sex …

Objective To review the world literature on the etiology, physiopathology, and treatment of
spermatogenesis arrest. Study Selection All the pertinent literature on spermatogenic arrest …

Sexual differentiation is the result of complex genetic and endocrine mechanisms that are
closely associated with the development of both the genitourinary system and the adrenal …

Studies within the Arab population in Israel revealed 25 pseudohermaphrodites due to 17β-
hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) deficiency. Twenty-three individuals, presently …

Background Discordance between gonadal type and gender identity has often led to an
assumption of infertility in patients with differences in sex development (DSD). However …

The testes of five phenotypic women (from four families) with 5ª-reductase deficiency were
studied. In one of the patients, the enzyme deficiency was similar in the testis and epididymis …

Background Reinke crystals are structures pathognomonic for Leydig cells, which have the
important function of testosterone production and are vital for male reproductive health …