Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean are facing complex environmental change.
Their native biota has adapted to the region's extreme conditions over many millions of …

Antarctic biodiversity is much more extensive, ecologically diverse and biogeographically
structured than previously thought. Understanding of how this diversity is distributed in …

Numerous diverse microorganisms reside in the cold desert soils of continental Antarctica,
though we lack a holistic understanding of the metabolic processes that sustain them. Here …

Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity occurs almost exclusively in ice-free areas that cover less
than 1% of the continent. Climate change will alter the extent and configuration of ice-free …

Exposure of plants and animals to ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B; 280–315 nm) is modified by
stratospheric ozone dynamics and climate change. Even though stabilisation and projected …

Antarctica plays a central role in regulating global climatic and oceanographic patterns and
is an integral part of global climate change discussions. The functioning of Antarctica's …

Animals living in the Southern Ocean have evolved in a singular environment. It shares
many of its attributes with the high Arctic, namely low, stable temperatures, the pervading …

In this assessment we summarise advances in our knowledge of how UV-B radiation (280–
315 nm), together with other climate change factors, influence terrestrial organisms and …

Antarctic biodiversity faces an unknown future with a changing climate. Most terrestrial biota
is restricted to limited patches of ice‐free land in a sea of ice, where they are adapted to the …

Antarctic and Southern Ocean science is vital to understanding natural variability, the
processes that govern global change and the role of humans in the Earth and climate …