Dopamine-and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32 kDa (DARPP-32), was identified
initially as a major target for dopamine and protein kinase A (PKA) in striatum. However …

While a basal ganglia with striatal and pallidal subdivisions is1 clearly present in many
extant anamniote species, this basal ganglia is cell sparse and receives only a relatively …

The standard nomenclature that has been used for many telencephalic and related
brainstem structures in birds is based on flawed assumptions of homology to mammals. In …

Cerebral cortical functions are conducted by two general classes of neurons: glutamatergic
projection neurons and GABAergic interneurons. Distinct interneuron subtypes serve distinct …

The striatum, the largest component of the basal ganglia, contains projection neurons and
interneurons. Whereas there is considerable agreement that the lateral ganglionic eminence …

The directed differentiation of forebrain neuronal types from human embryonic stem cells
(hESCs) has not been achieved. Here, we show that hESCs differentiate to telencephalic …

The lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) is known to give rise to striatal projection neurons as
well as interneurons, which migrate in the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to populate the …

Striatal medium spiny neurons (MSN) are critically involved in motor control, and their
degeneration is a principal component of Huntington's disease. We find that the transcription …

The brain dopaminergic system is a critical modulator of basal ganglia function and
plasticity. To investigate the contribution of the dopamine D1 receptor to this modulation, we …

Despite the importance of dopamine signaling, it remains unknown if the two major
subclasses of dopamine receptors exist on the same or distinct populations of neurons. Here …