Background Male infertility is a widespread condition among couples. In about 50% of
cases, couple infertility is attributable to the male partner, mainly due to a failure in …

Although mitochondria are best known for being the eukaryotic cell powerhouses, these
organelles participate in various cellular functions besides ATP production, such as calcium …

In the oviduct, cumulus cells that surround the oocyte release progesterone. In human
sperm, progesterone stimulates a Ca2+ increase by a non-genomic mechanism,,. The Ca2+ …

Mitochondria of spermatozoa are different from the corresponding organelles of somatic
cells, in both their morphology and biochemistry. The biochemical differences are essentially …

A proper dialogue between spermatozoa and the egg is essential for conception of a new
individual in sexually reproducing animals. Ca2+ is crucial in orchestrating this unique event …

The goal of sperm is to fertilize the oocyte. To achieve that purpose, it must acquire motility in
the epididymis and hyperactivated motility in the female reproductive tract. Motility is only …

BACKGROUND The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in human spermatozoa, and
VDR-knockout mice and vitamin D (VD) deficiency in rodents results in impaired fertility, low …

Mammalian fertilization is a fascinating process that leads to the formation of a new
individual. Eggs and sperm are complex cells that must meet at the appropriate time and …

The Catsper channel is a sperm-specific, Ca 2+-permeable, pH-dependent, and low voltage-
dependent channel that is essential for the hyperactivity of sperm flagellum, chemotaxis …

Sperm motility is linked to the activation of signaling pathways that trigger movement. These
pathways are mainly dependent on Ca2+, which acts as a secondary messenger. The …