Emerging infectious diseases represent a global and major health problem. The
understanding of biological processes involved in the transmission and evolution of …

Multiple infections, either simultaneous or sequential, affecting a single plant or crop are
now recognized to be common in plant disease epidemics. These multiple infections thus …

One of the biggest challenges for pathogens invading hosts is microbial symbionts but the
role of pathogens in symbionts in nature is unknown. By tracking the dynamics of the …

Experimental work increasingly suggests that non‐random pathogen associations can affect
the spread or severity of disease. Yet due to difficulties distinguishing and interpreting co …

Facilitation occurs when one species positively impacts the fitness of another, and has
predominantly been studied in free-living species like plants. Facilitation can also occur …

Parasites, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists, helminths, and arthropods, are
ubiquitous in the animal kingdom. Consequently, hosts are frequently infected with more …

Heterogeneous exposure to parasites may contribute to host species differentiation. Hosts
often harbour multiple parasite species which may interact and thus modify each other's …

Host individuals are often coinfected with diverse parasite assemblages, resulting in
complex interactions among parasites within hosts. Within hosts, priority effects occur when …

Co-infection is an underappreciated phenomenon in contemporary disease ecology despite
its ubiquity and importance in nature. Viruses, and other co-infecting agents, can interact in …

Infectious diseases dynamics are affected by both spatial and temporal heterogeneity in
their environments. Our ability to quantify and predict how this heterogeneity impacts risks of …