Background: During the administration of general anesthesia, direct laryngoscopy and
endotracheal intubation cause an increase in heart rate, arterial pressure, and dysrhythmias …

Materials and Methods: A double blind randomized controlled study was conducted on 60
adult patients of American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status 1 and 2. Group L (n …

Laryngoscopy and intubation are associated with stress response changes like tachycardia,
hypertension and dysrhythmias. The hemodynamic responses during laryngoscopy and …

Aim: To evaluate the effect of intravenous (IV) clonidine premedication for the bloodless
surgical field in patients undergoing middle ear or nasal surgery comparing three different …

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment available for the
acute treatment of depression in patients who do not respond to medications. It is generally …

The current Study was done to compare the efficacy of intravenous lignocaine 2% versus
oropharyngeal topical 10% xylocaine spray before induction of anaesthesia in attenuating …

Background: Laparoscopic surgeries, including cholecystectomy are being performed on a
large scale owing to the improved tissue healing and minimal hospital stay. However the …

Background: Pneumoperitoneum created during laparoscopy results in patho-physiologic
changes, especially in the cardiovascular system. Clonidine diminishes stress response by …

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy pain is a sensory and emotional experience
connected with actual or potential tissue damage. Effective pain control is quite important …

Objective: Various drugs have been endorsed but no standardized premedication protocol
exists for patients. Various opioids combination is in practice for long time with some ill …