Heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cd, Zn, Hg and arsenic are for long being
accumulated in soils through industrial waste and sewage disposal. Although some of these …

Phenylpropanoids, the largest class of natural products including flavonoids, anthocyanins,
monolignols and tannins perform multiple functions ranging from photosynthesis, nutrient …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modules play key roles in the transduction of
environmental and developmental signals through phosphorylation of downstream signaling …

Plants confront multifarious environmental stresses widely divided into abiotic and biotic
stresses, of which heavy metal stress represents one of the most damaging abiotic stresses …

Many studies have been conducted to understand plant stress responses to salinity because
irrigation-dependent salt accumulation compromises crop productivity and also to …

Heavy metal contamination of agricultural fields has become a global concern as it causes a
direct impact on human health. Rice is the major food crop for almost half of the world …

The natural environment of plants is composed of a complex set of abiotic stresses and their
ability to respond to these stresses is highly flexible and finely balanced through the …

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) acts as a significant regulatory component interrelated
with signal transduction in plants. The positive role of H 2 O 2 in plants subjected to myriad …

The recent rapid climate changes and increasing global population have led to an increased
incidence of abiotic stress and decreased crop productivity. Environmental stresses, such as …

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant that causes health hazard to living organisms.
Melatonin (MT) has emerged as a ubiquitous pleiotropic molecule capable of coordinating …