Complete and balanced nutrition has always been the first line of plant defense due to the
direct involvement of mineral elements in plant protection. Mineral elements affect plant …

Fungi and plants are rich sources of thousands of secondary metabolites. The genetically
coded possibilities for secondary metabolite production, the stimuli of the production, and …

Fungi have developed a plethora of strategies to colonize plants, and these interactions
result in a broad spectrum of outcomes ranging from beneficial interactions to death of the …

Typically, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are considered to be conserved
throughout classes of microbes and to contribute to general microbial fitness, whereas …

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important elements that has a central impact on plant growth
and yield. N is also widely involved in plant stress responses, but its roles in host-pathogen …

Multicellular organisms activate immunity upon recognition of pathogen-associated
molecular patterns (PAMPs). Chitin is the major component of fungal cell walls, and chitin …

Plants use pattern recognition receptors to defend themselves from microbial pathogens.
These receptors recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and activate …

Phytopathogenic bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes invade and colonize their host plants
through distinct routes. These pathogens secrete diverse groups of effector proteins that aid …

SUMMARY Taxonomy: Kingdom Fungi; Phylum Ascomycota; Class Sordariomycetes; Order
Hypocreales; Family Nectriaceae; genus Fusarium. Host range: Very broad at the species …

It is accepted that most fungal avirulence genes encode virulence factors that are called
effectors. Most fungal effectors are secreted, cysteine-rich proteins, and a role in virulence …