Immune checkpoint blockade therapy targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has
revolutionized the landscape of multiple human cancer types, including head and neck …

Abstract Interleukin 33 (IL-33), which is expressed by several immune cell types, endothelial
and epithelial cells, and fibroblasts, is a cytokine of the IL-1 family that acts both intra-and …

Acute viral infections are characterized by rapid increases in viral load, leading to cellular
damage and the resulting induction of complex innate and adaptive antiviral immune …

Highlights•Unique developmental paths generate self-reactive B-1 constraint in BCR
responses.•Extensive repertoire shaping of B-1 cells for months after birth.•Accumulating …

Programmed cell death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) is one of the two ligands of the programmed cell
death-1 (PD-1) receptor, an inhibitory protein mainly expressed on activated immune cells …

Evolutionarily conserved,“natural”(n) IgM is broadly reactive to both self and foreign
antigens. Its selective deficiency leads to increases in autoimmune diseases and infections …

B-cell development is characterized by a number of tightly regulated selection processes.
Signals through the B-cell receptor (BCR) guide and are required for B-cell maturation …

B lymphocytes are important in secreting antibodies that protect against invading pathogens
such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and also in mediating pathogenesis of allergic diseases …

Secretory IgMs (SIgMs) were amongst the first identified immunoglobulins. However, their
importance was not fully understood and recent advances have shown they play a key role …

Amongst the chief targets of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), namely the Programmed
cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-Ligands (Ls) axis, most research has focused on PD-L1 …