In many circumstances alternative courses of action and thoughts have to be inhibited to
allow the emergence of goal-directed behavior. However, this has not been the accepted …

Prefrontal cortical executive functions comprise a number of cognitive capabilities necessary
for goal directed behavior and adaptation to a changing environment. Executive dysfunction …

Norepinephrine (NE) is synthesized in the Locus Coeruleus (LC) of the brainstem, from
where it is released by axonal varicosities throughout the brain via volume transmission. A …

Background. Evidence suggests some overlap between the pathological use of food and
drugs, yet how impulsivity compares across these different clinical disorders remains …

Response inhibition is an important component of adaptive behavior. Substantial prior
research has focused on reactive inhibition, which refers to the cessation of a motor …

Schizophrenia is a life-long debilitating mental disorder affecting tens of millions of people
worldwide. The serendipitous discovery of antipsychotics focused pharmaceutical research …

Background Dopaminergic drugs remain the mainstay of Parkinson's disease therapy but
often fail to improve cognitive problems such as impulsivity. This may be due to the loss of …

Cognitive problems are a major factor determining quality of life of patients with Parkinson's
disease. These include deficits in inhibitory control, ranging from subclinical alterations in …

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
are two of the most common neuropsychiatric diseases in paediatric populations. The high …

People tend to slow down after they commit an error, a phenomenon known as post-error
slowing (PES). It has been proposed that slowing after negative feedback or unforeseen …