Background B cells undergo maturation and class-switching in response to antigen
exposure and T-cell help. Early B-cell differentiation has not been defined in patients with …

In this study, we have evaluated the production of pro‐and anti‐inflammatory cytokines and
the formation of central and effector memory T cells in mice lacking mature B cells (muMT …

Fungal infections (eg, Candida albicans) can manifest as serious medical illnesses,
especially in the elderly and immune-compromised hosts. T cells are important for Candida …

Abstract South American rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus spp) and coral snakes (Micrurus
sp) venoms are characterized by inducing a limited inflammatory innate immune response …

This study tested the hypothesis that the Vδ3 subset of human γδ T cells, like their Vδ2
counterparts, can influence differentiation, antibody secretion and cytokine production by B …

Autoantibodies are key mediators in determining the clinical manifestations of systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE). The mechanisms by which antibodies may be harmful to self …

The biologically active form of vitamin D3, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), is a potent
modulator of the immune response. We have shown previously that calcitriol modulates the …

Mounting evidence demonstrates that specific metabolic adaptations are needed to support
B cell development and differentiation and to enable B cells to thrive in different …

B cells are essential for antiviral immune defence because they produce neutralizing
antibodies, present antigen and maintain the lymphoid architecture. Here we show that …

Introduction: The therapeutic utility of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is
currently being evaluated in multiple sclerosis (MS) in line with the better understanding of …