for digital applications (smartphones, etc.). These versions are abridged and thus, for more
detailed information, the user should always access to the full text version of the guidelines …

The aim of this ESC Guideline is to help health professionals manage people with heart
failure (HF) according to the best available evidence. Fortunately, we now have a wealth of …

Abstract Document Reviewers: Rudolf A. de Boer (CPG Review Coordinator)(Netherlands),
P. Christian Schulze (CPG Review Coordinator)(Germany), Magdy Abdelhamid (Egypt) …

Despite guideline recommendations and available evidence, implementation of treatment in
heart failure (HF) is poor. The majority of patients are not prescribed drugs at target doses …

Heart failure (HF) remains a major cause of mortality, morbidity, and poor quality of life. It is
an area of active research. This article is aimed to give an update on recent advances in all …

There is an increasing awareness that sex is a major determinant of the incidence,
aetiology, and clinical presentation of arrhythmias, and that there are sex differences in …

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is one of the most effective therapies for heart
failure with reduced ejection fraction and leads to improved quality of life, reductions in heart …

Aim Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) improve outcomes in heart failure with
reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but are underutilized. Hyperkalaemia may be one reason …

Aim The management of cardiogenic shock remains a clinical challenge even in well‐
developed healthcare systems, best illustrated by its high mortality despite numerous …

Heart failure affects over 2.6 million women and 3.4 million men in the United States with
known sex differences in epidemiology, management, response to treatment, and outcomes …