Biomedical polymers have been extensively developed for promising applications in a lot of
biomedical fields, such as therapeutic medicine delivery, disease detection and diagnosis …

Biologics—medications derived from a biological source—are increasingly used as
pharmaceuticals, for example, as vaccines. Biologics are usually produced in bacterial …

Advanced treatments based on immune system manipulation, gene transcription and
regulation, specific organ and cell targeting, and/or photon energy conversion have …

Cancer vaccines aim at eliciting tumor‐specific responses for the immune system to identify
and eradicate malignant tumor cells while sparing the normal tissues. Furthermore, cancer …

Immune cells are being engineered to recognize and respond to disease states, acting as a
“living drug” when transferred into patients. Therapies based on engineered immune cells …

Adoptive cell transfers have emerged as a disruptive approach to treat disease in a manner
that is more specific than using small-molecule drugs; however, unlike traditional drugs …

Liposomes and polymersomes are colloidal vesicles that are self-assembled from lipids and
amphiphilic polymers, respectively. Because of their ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic …

Free radicals, usually containing one or more unpaired electrons, are extremely unstable
and highly reactive with other biological molecules. Recently, there has been increasing …

Immunotherapy that can activate immunity or enhance the immunogenicity of tumors has
emerged as one of the most effective methods for cancer therapy. Nevertheless, single …

Microrobots are being explored for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, biological
cargo transport, and minimally invasive surgery. However, current efforts largely focus on …