Human topoisomerases comprise a family of six enzymes: two type IB (TOP1 and
mitochondrial TOP1 (TOP1MT), two type IIA (TOP2A and TOP2B) and two type IA (TOP3A …

Topoisomerases introduce transient DNA breaks to relax supercoiled DNA, remove
catenanes and enable chromosome segregation. Human cells encode six topoisomerases …

DNA double-strand breaks pose a serious threat to genome stability. In vertebrates, these
breaks are predominantly repaired by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), which pairs DNA …

DNA topoisomerases are the targets of important anticancer and antibacterial drugs.
Camptothecins and novel noncamptothecins in clinical development (indenoisoquinolines …

Hereditary defects in the repair of DNA damage are implicated in a variety of diseases, many
of which are typified by neurological dysfunction and/or increased genetic instability and …

TDP1 and TDP2 were discovered and named based on the fact they process 3′-and 5′-
DNA ends by excising irreversible protein tyrosyl-DNA complexes involving topoisomerases …

Genomic DNA is susceptible to endogenous and environmental stresses that modify DNA
structure and its coding potential. Correspondingly, cells have evolved intricate DNA repair …

DNA topoisomerases are nature's tools for resolving the unique problems of DNA
entanglement that occur owing to unwinding and rewinding of the DNA helix during …

Proteins covalently attached to DNA, also known as DNA–protein crosslinks (DPCs), are
common and bulky DNA lesions that interfere with DNA replication, repair, transcription and …

Abstract Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) attach poly (ADP-ribose)(PAR) chains to
various proteins including themselves and chromatin. Topoisomerase I (Top1) regulates …