The Andes are the world's most biodiverse mountain chain, encompassing a complex array
of ecosystems from tropical rainforests to alpine habitats. We provide a synthesis of Andean …

Mountain regions are unusually biodiverse, with rich aggregations of small-ranged species
that form centers of endemism. Mountains play an array of roles for Earth's biodiversity and …

The tropics are the source of most biodiversity yet inadequate sampling obscures answers to
fundamental questions about how this diversity evolves. We leveraged samples assembled …

Neotropical freshwater fishes (NFFs) constitute the most diverse continental vertebrate fauna
on Earth, with more than 6,200 named species compressed into an aquatic footprint< 0.5 …

Tropical Africa is home to an astonishing biodiversity occurring in a variety of ecosystems.
Past climatic change and geological events have impacted the evolution and diversification …

Designed to help students understand the multiple levels at which human populations
respond to their surroundings, this essential text offers the most complete discussion of …

The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and
the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical …

The exceptional levels of biodiversity found today in the American tropics are the outcome of
tens of millions of years of evolution, shaped by the tumultuous geological history of the …

Abstract The Amazon Basin is an unquestionable biodiversity hotspot, containing the
highest freshwater biodiversity on earth and facing off a recent increase in anthropogenic …

The interchange between the previously disconnected faunas of North and South America
was a massive experiment in biological invasion. A major gap in our understanding of this …