The aging population worldwide is facing a significant increase in age-related non-
communicable diseases, including cardiovascular and brain pathologies. This …

For centuries, regular exercise has been acknowledged as a potent stimulus to promote,
maintain, and restore healthy functioning of nearly every physiological system of the human …

Background: A link between diabetes mellitus (DM) and Parkinson's disease (PD) have
been proposed but evidence are sparse and inconsistent. Objective: Perform a systematic …

AimsIn observational studies, type-2 diabetes is associated with increased risk of dementia;
however, the causal nature of this association remains unanswered. In an unselected …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau, and
subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI) is characterized by cerebral small vessel …

Clinical studies show that cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) associated with Alzheimer's
disease (AD) and arterial hypertension are independent risk factors for cerebral …

Despite substantial advances in stroke care, vascular cognitive impairment remains a
prominent source of disability. Unlike sensorimotor impairments, cognition often continues to …

Introduction Similar symptoms, comorbidities and suboptimal diagnostic tests make the
distinction between different types of dementia difficult, although this is essential for …

Periodic revisions of the international classification of diseases (ICD) ensure that the
classification reflects new practices and knowledge; however, this complicates retrospective …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are among the most prevalent chronic
diseases affecting the aging population. Extensive research evidence indicates that T2D is a …