The human zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) recognizes RNA by binding to CpG
dinucleotides. Mammalian transcriptomes are CpG-poor, and ZAP may have evolved to …

Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) is a cytoplasmic immune receptor sensing viral RNA. It
triggers the release of type I interferons (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokines inducing an …

The RIG-I–like receptors (RLRs) retinoic acid–inducible gene I protein (RIG-I) and
melanoma differentiation–associated protein 5 (MDA5) are cytosolic pattern recognition …

Influenza viruses antagonize key immune defence mechanisms via the virulence factor non-
structural protein 1 (NS1). A key mechanism of virulence by NS1 is blocking nuclear export …

Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are recalcitrant tumors with limited
therapeutic options. Cytotoxic agents, including platinum-based drugs, are a standard of …

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is produced both by virus and host. Its recognition by the
melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (MDA5) initiates type I interferon responses …

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of respiratory tract infections in
humans. A well-known challenge in the development of a live attenuated RSV vaccine is …

Aberrant N-glycosylation has been implicated in viral diseases. Alpha-(1, 6)-
fucosyltransferase (FUT8) is the sole enzyme responsible for core fucosylation of N-glycans …

In response to virus infections, a cell-autonomous, transcription-based antiviral program is
engaged to create resistance, impair pathogen replication, and alert professional cells in …

Osteoimmunology is a concept involving molecular and cellular crosstalk between the
skeletal and immune systems. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are widely expressed both on …