Cartilage regeneration remains difficult due to a lack of blood vessels. Degradation of the
extracellular matrix (ECM) causes cartilage defects, and the ECM provides the natural …

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disorder with a serious impact on society.
The main pathological change in OA is articular cartilage degeneration, which is directly …

Articular hyaline cartilage is an extremely hydrated, not vascularized tissue with a low‐cell
density. The damage of this tissue can occur after injuries or gradual stress and tears …

Amputation injuries in mammals are typically non-regenerative; however, joint regeneration
is stimulated by BMP9 treatment, indicating the presence of latent articular chondrocyte …

Background Bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) and chondrocytes have been
reported to present “dedifferentiation” and “phenotypic loss” during the chondrogenic …

The tissue engineering technique using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and scaffolds is
promising. Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) is generally accepted as an …

Due to the extremely high incidence of lesions and diseases in aging population, it is critical
to put all efforts into developing a successful implant for osteochondral tissue regeneration …

It suggests that the poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid)(PHBV) scaffold can
be used for cartilage tissue engineering, but PHBV is short of bioactivity that is required for …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is associated with articular
cartilage destruction, subchondral bone alterations, synovitis, and even joint deformity and …

Musculoskeletal reconstruction is an ongoing challenge for surgeons as it is required for one
out of five patients undergoing surgery. In the past three decades, through the close …