The serine/threonine kinase Akt (cellular homolog of murine thymoma virus akt8 oncogene),
also known as PKB (protein kinase B), is activated by lipid products of phosphatidylinositol 3 …

Accumulating evidence implicates the transcription factor NF-κB as a positive mediator of
cell growth, but the molecular mechanism (s) involved in this process remains largely …

The transcription factor NF-κB is a family of proteins involved in signaling pathways essential
for normal cellular functions and development. Deletion of various components of this …

Interferon (IFN) genes are among the earliest transcriptional responses to virus infection of
mammalian cells. Although the regulation of the IFNβ gene has been well characterized, the …

Leptin is a hormone that regulates food intake, and its receptor (OB-Rb) is expressed
primarily in the hypothalamus. Here, it is shown that OB-Rb is also expressed in human …

Signal transduction can be defined as the coordinated relay of messages derived from
extracellular cues to intracellular effectors. More simply put, information received on the cell …

Genome sequencing provides a wealth of information on predicted gene products (mostly
proteins), but the majority of these have no known function. Two-dimensional gel …

Blood vessels are constantly exposed to hemodynamic forces in the form of cyclic stretch
and shear stress due to the pulsatile nature of blood pressure and flow. Endothelial cells …

The death domain serine/threonine kinase RIP interacts with the death receptors Fas and
tumor necrosis receptor 1 (TNFR1). In vitro, RIP stimulates apoptosis, SAPK/JNK, and NF-κB …

Rel/NF-κB transcription factors are primarily regulated by association with inhibitor IκB
proteins. Thus, in most cells NF-κB exists in the cytoplasm in an inactive complex bound to …