Dopamine is a prototypical neuromodulator that controls circuit function through G protein-
coupled receptor signalling. Neuromodulators are volume transmitters, with release followed …

An imbalance between excitation and inhibition has been a longstanding proposed
mechanism regarding ictogenesis and epileptogenesis. This imbalance is related to …

Dopamine (DA) is a central monoamine neurotransmitter involved in many physiological
and pathological processes. A longstanding yet largely unmet goal is to measure DA …

Norepinephrine (NE) is a key biogenic monoamine neurotransmitter involved in a wide
range of physiological processes. However, its precise dynamics and regulation remain …

The interstitium describes the fluid, proteins, solutes, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) that
comprise the cellular microenvironment in tissues. Its alterations are fundamental to …

Cerebral ischemia is caused by perturbations in blood flow to the brain that trigger
sequential and complex metabolic and cellular pathologies. This leads to brain tissue …

Norepinephrine (NE) is an essential biogenic monoamine neurotransmitter. The first-
generation NE sensor makes in vivo, real-time, cell-type-specific and region-specific NE …

Relief from pain in humans is rewarding and pleasurable. Primary rewards, or reward-
predictive cues, are encoded in brain reward/motivational circuits. While considerable …

Advances in materials chemistry and engineering serve as the basis for multifunctional
neural interfaces that span length scales from individual neurons to neural networks, neural …

Amyloid beta (Aβ) homeostasis in the brain is governed by its production and clearance
mechanisms. An imbalance in this homeostasis results in pathological accumulations of …