Subsequent to the discovery of insulin in 1921, the role of insulin in the brain has been
investigated throughly. The ability of insulin to act within the brain to regulate peripheral …

In this manuscript, we describe the development and application of electrochemical aptamer-
based (E-AB) sensors directly interfaced with astrocytes in three-dimensional (3D) cell …

For over 40 years, in vivo microdialysis techniques have been at the forefront in measuring
the effects of illicit substances on brain tonic extracellular levels of dopamine that underlie …

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are complex conditions with largely unknown
pathophysiology. While many NDD symptoms are familiar, the cause of these disorders …

Online microdialysis is a sampling and detection method that enables continuous
interrogation of extracellular molecules in freely moving subjects under behaviorally relevant …

The number of people aged 12 years and older using illicit drugs reached 59.3 million in
2020, among which 5.2 million are cocaine users based on the national data. In order to fully …

Dopaminergic signaling is regulated by transient micromolar (phasic) and background
nanomolar (tonic) dopamine releases in the brain. These dopamine signals can be …

Glia use multiple mechanisms to mediate potassium fluxes that support neuronal function. In
addition to changes in potassium levels within synapses, these ions are dynamically …

It is well‐known that the extracellular concentration of calcium affects neuronal excitability
and synaptic transmission. Less is known about the physiological concentration of …

Metabolic profiling of body fluids from small animal models is often used in (translational)
biological studies in order to obtain insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms of …