BACKGROUND Because of the substantial energy demands of reproduction, the brain must
temper the fertility of individuals to match nutritional availability. Under-nutrition is associated …

Scientific and commercial pharmacological interest in the role of galanin and galanin
receptors in the regulation of food intake, energy balance, and obesity has waned recently …

The KiSS-1 gene codes for a family of neuropeptides called kisspeptins which bind to the G-
protein-coupled receptor GPR54. To assess the possible effects of kisspeptins on …

The novel neuropeptide spexin (SPX) was discovered using bioinformatics. The function of
this peptide is currently under investigation. Here, we identified SPX along with a second …

The definition of neurotransmitter receptors expressed by individual neuronal phenotypes is
essential for our understanding of integrated neural regulation. We report here a single …

The gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) secreting neurones, which form the final
common pathway for the central regulation of reproduction, are directly targeted by …

Energy balance plays an important role in the control of reproduction. However, the cellular
and molecular mechanisms connecting the two systems are not well understood especially …

The novel neuropeptide spexin (SPX) was discovered to activate galanin receptor 2
(GALR2) and 3 (GALR3) but not galanin receptor 1 (GALR1). Although GALR2 is known to …

Mammalian reproduction is a costly process in terms of energy consumption. The critical
information regarding metabolic status is signaled to the hypothalamus mainly through …

Spexin (SPX) and galanin (GAL) are two neuropeptides that are phylogenetically related
and have descended from a common ancestral gene. Considerable attention has been …