Autoantibodies are frequently observed in healthy individuals. In a minority of these
individuals, they lead to manifestation of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis …

Persistent infection by EBV is explained by the germinal center model (GCM) which provides
a satisfying and currently the only explanation for EBVs disparate biology. Since the GCM …

The tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family members B cell activating factor (BAFF) and APRIL
(a proliferation-inducing ligand) are crucial survival factors for peripheral B cells. An excess …

This article focuses on the functions of NF-κB that vitally impact lymphocytes and thus
adaptive immunity. NF-κB has long been known to be essential for many of the responses of …

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) causes significant morbidity and mortality in
patients otherwise cured of malignancy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation …

Several transplant patients maintain stable kidney graft function in the absence of
immunosuppression. Here we compared the characteristics of their peripheral B cells to that …

B cell activating factor (BAFF) is a crucial survival factor for transitional and mature B cells,
and is a promising therapeutic target for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A BAFF …

B lymphocyte homeostasis depends on tonic and induced BCR signaling and receptors
sensitive to trophic factors, such as B cell-activating factor receptor (BAFF-R or BR3) during …

Naive B cells co-express two BCR isotypes, IgM and IgD, with identical antigen-binding
domains but distinct constant regions. IgM but not IgD is downregulated on autoreactive B …

Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious complications of systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) since it is the major predictor of poor prognosis. In susceptible …