The efficacy of protected areas varies, partly because socioeconomic factors are not
sufficiently considered in planning and management. Although integrating socioeconomic …

One of the key determinants of success in biodiversity conservation is how well conservation
planning decisions account for the social system in which actions are to be implemented …

Pursuing development and conservation goals often requires thinking and planning across
terrestrial, freshwater and marine realms because many threats and social–ecological …

Explicitly including cost in marine conservation planning is essential for achieving feasible
and efficient conservation outcomes. Yet, spatial priorities for marine conservation are still …

Human-induced changes to river loads of nutrients and sediments pose a significant threat
to marine ecosystems. Ongoing land-use change can further increase these loads, and …

Active and dynamic management of biodiversity is of utmost importance in the face of
increasing human pressures on nature. Current approaches for site selection of protected …

Spatial conservation prioritization is used worldwide for designing marine protected areas
(MPA) that achieve set conservation objectives with minimal impacts to marine users …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) face many challenges in their aim to effectively conserve
marine ecosystems. In this study we analyze the extent of pollution exposure on the global …

Priorities for protecting ecosystem services must be identified to ensure future human well-
being. Approaches to broad-scale spatial prioritization of ecosystem services are becoming …

Open oceans are one of the least protected, least studied and most inadequately managed
ecosystems on Earth. Three themes were investigated that differentiate the open ocean …