The pathogenicity locus (PaLoc) of Clostridium difficile contains toxin A and B genes and
three accessory genes, including tcdD and tcdC, which are supposed to code for the positive …

Clostridium difficile is primarily recognised as a nosocomially acquired pathogen
manifesting in gastrointestinal disease subsequent to the patient receiving broad-spectrum …

ABSTRACT A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme was developed to study the
genetic relationships and population structure of 72 Clostridium difficile isolates from various …

Clinical Clostridium difficile isolates of patients with diarrhea or pseudomembranous colitis
usually produce both toxin A and toxin B, but an increasing number of reports mention …

Clostridium difficile is the most commonly identified infective cause of antibiotic associated
diarrhoea. Broad spectrum antibiotics, are most frequently incriminated, although short (< 3 …

Recent studies have shown that Clostridium difficile strains with variant toxins and those with
resistance to macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin B (MLSB) are increasingly causing …

Molecular typing methods for Clostridium difficile are based on gel electrophoresis of
restriction fragments (endonuclease restriction analysis, REA; pulsed field gel …

Clostridium difficile isolates recovered from patients admitted to a teaching hospital in Japan
over a 5-year period were analyzed. Two molecular typing systems, PCR ribotyping and …

Repetitive element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) is a typing method that enables the
generation of DNA fingerprinting that discriminates bacterial strains. In this study, we …

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is the 'gold standard'technique for bacterial typing
and has proved to be discriminatory and reproducible for typing Clostridium difficile …