Primary cilia are solitary, immotile sensory organelles present on most cells in the body that
participate broadly in human health, physiology and disease. Cilia generate a unique …

Limb patterning by Sonic hedgehog (Shh), via either graded spatial or temporal signal
integration, is a paradigm for" morphogen" function, yet how Shh instructs distinct digit …

A complex cascade of highly regulated processes of cell fate determination, differentiation,
proliferation and transdifferentiation dictate the patterning, morphogenesis and growth of the …

Patterning along an axis of polarity is a fundamental step in the development of a
multicellular animal embryo. In the cellular field of an early spider embryo, Hedgehog …

The intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery is essential for cilia assembly, maintenance, and
trans-localization of signaling proteins. The IFT machinery consists of two large multiprotein …

Bone development starts with condensations of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells that set
a framework for future bones within the primordium. In the endochondral pathway …

In crown group tetrapods, individual digits are homologized in relation to a pentadactyl
ground plan. However, testing hypotheses of digit homology is challenging because it is …

Abstract Seminal work from John Fallon's lab has illuminated how digit identity
determination involves ongoing late regulation and occurs progressively during phalanx …

Background Cetacean hindlimbs were lost and their forelimb changed into flippers
characterized by webbed digits and hyperphalangy, thus allowing them to adapt to a …

Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) constitutes a large and evolutionarily conserved
superfamily of secreted factors that play essential roles in embryonic development, cancer …