Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of visual impairment in the
elderly. There are very limited therapeutic options for AMD with the predominant therapies …

By its action on rhodopsin, light triggers the well-known visual transduction cascade, but can
also induce cell damage and death through phototoxic mechanisms–a comprehensive …

Nitrones have the general chemical formula X–CH= NO–Y. They were first used to trap free
radicals in chemical systems and then subsequently in biochemical systems. More recently …

We tested the hypothesis that stress responses mediated by the Nrf2-antioxidant responsive
element (ARE) pathway are involved in the initiation of retinal neuroprotection provided by …

Purpose To identify the genes and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) involved in the
neuroprotective actions of a dietary antioxidant (saffron) and of photobiomodulation (PBM) …

Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), one of the archea-type rhodopsins from green algae, is a
potentially useful optogenetic tool for restoring vision in patients with photoreceptor …

AIM To examine light-emitting-diode (LED)-induced retinal neuronal cell damage and its
wavelength-driven pathogenic mechanisms. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were …

MicroRNA-183 (miR-183), miR-96, and miR-182 comprising the miR-183/96/182 cluster are
highly expressed in photoreceptor cells. Although in vitro data have indicated an important …

purpose. 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 4-hydroxyhexenal (4-HHE) are reactive aldehydes
derived from the nonenzymatic oxidation of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids …

Exposure to excessive levels of light induces photoreceptor apoptosis and can be a
causative factor in age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the cellular events …