More than a decade ago, cardiovascular disease (CVD) was recognized as a major cause of
death in children with advanced CKD. This observation has sparked the publication of …

Although for most children the process of atherosclerosis is subclinical, dramatically
accelerated atherosclerosis occurs in some pediatric disease states, with clinical coronary …

Background Although renal-replacement therapy for children with end-stage renal disease
has been used for several decades, data on patients' long-term survival are sparse. Methods …

Patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease are at 5-to 10-fold higher
risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) than age-matched controls. Clinically …

Background In chronic kidney disease (CKD), serum concentrations of fibroblast growth
factor 23 (FGF23) increase progressively as glomerular filtration rate declines, while renal …

The kidney exerts multiple functions, and pathophysiological interactions between the
kidney and the heart have important clinical implications, but it has only recently become …

Hypertension is common, difficult to diagnose, and poorly controlled among patients with
ESRD. However, controversy surrounds the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. Here …

Cardiovascular diseases are the main causes of death and health costs in developed
countries. Although cardiovascular diseases are thought to affect only adulthood, the …

Importance Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death among patients with
end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Young adult (ages 22-29 years) have risks for ESRD …

Disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism are prevalent in chronic kidney disease
(CKD) and an important cause of morbidity, decreased quality of life, and extraskeletal …