Newcastle disease (ND) remains a constant threat to the poultry industry and is a limiting
disease for poultry producers worldwide. The variety of clinical presentations and the …

Avian mycoplasmosis mainly caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. synoviae is an
economically important disease of poultry industry. It causes huge economic losses in terms …

While the vast majority of our food supplies are nutritious and safe, foodborne pathogen-
related illness still affects millions of people each year. Large outbreaks of foodborne …

Acute respiratory tract infections are of paramount importance in the poultry industry. Avian
influenza virus (AIV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), avian …

For several years, poultry production in Egypt has been suffering from co‐circulation of
multiple respiratory viruses including highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 …

In Ethiopia, most chicken disease outbreaks and mortalities are attributed to a respiratory
syndrome known as “fengil” with variable clinical signs and undefined etiology. The main …

In commercial poultry production there are a number of diseases which are of particular
importance due to the heavy economic losses that can arise if a flock becomes infected. The …

A one-step multiplex real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) assay was developed
for s imultaneous detection and quantification of four avian respiratory viruses: avian …

Aim: The present study was designed for the detection of the most prevalent respiratory
infections in chicken flocks and clarifying their interaction and impact on flock health …

Abstract Avian Influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) are the most important reportable
poultry diseases worldwide. Low pathogenic AI (H9N2) and ND viruses are known to have …