Ever since Akkermansia muciniphila was discovered and characterized two decades ago,
numerous studies have shown that the lack or decreased abundance of this commensal …

Our incomplete understanding of the causes and pathways involved in the onset and
progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) limits our ability to effectively treat this complex …

Epidemiological studies have provided compelling evidence that multiple sclerosis (MS) is a
rare complication of infection with the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a herpesvirus that infects …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative
disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). MS is characterized by immune …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central
nervous system afflicting nearly three million individuals worldwide. Neuroimmune …

Changes in gut microbiota have been associated with several diseases. Here, the
International Multiple Sclerosis Microbiome Study (iMSMS) studied the gut microbiome of …

Microbial organisms have key roles in numerous physiological processes in the human
body and have recently been shown to modify the response to immune checkpoint …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, for which
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a likely prerequisite. Due to the homology between …

Novel insights from basic and translational studies are reshaping concepts of the
immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and understanding of the different inflammatory …

The presence or absence of anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) and associated
disparities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) implies disease heterogeneity with …