Animal poisons and venoms are comprised of different classes of molecules displaying wide-
ranging pharmacological activities. This review aims to provide an in-depth view of toxin …

Recent studies indicate that Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can play an important role
in the whole course of cancer treatment such as recovery stages of post-operative …

Pancreatic cancer, the seventh most lethal cancer around the world, is considered
complicated cancer due to poor prognosis and difficulty in treatment. Despite all the …

Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Apoptosis is a process of
programmed cell death and it plays a vital role in human development and tissue …

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Following the known principle of “fighting fire
with fire”, poisonous Chinese herbal medicine (PCHM) has been historically used in cancer …

In recent years, the continuous occurrence of multi-drug resistance in the clinic has made
people pay more attention to the transporter. Changes in the expression and activity of …

Bufadienolides bufalin and cinobufagin are cardiotonic steroids isolated from the skin and
parotid venom glands of the toad Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor. They have been shown to …

Since the significant public health hazard of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and obvious
drug resistance and dose-dependent side effects for common antiviral agents (eg …

It has been reported that there are multiple mechanisms by which bufalin could exert its
antimetastatic effect. HIF-1α has been reported to be involved in tumor migration and …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Among amphibians, 15 of the 47 species reported to be
used in traditional medicines belong to the family Bufonidae, which demonstrates their …