Lactose intolerance has a high prevalence worldwide, ranging between 57% and 65%. It is
caused by a reduction or loss of the activity of the intestinal enzyme lactase− phlorizin …

For over 20 years, bovine beta-casein has been a subject of increasing scientific interest
because its genetic A1 variant during gastrointestinal digestion releases opioid-like peptide …

Simple Summary Bovine milk contains several β-casein variants, with the A1 and A2
variants occurring most frequently. The presence of some variants, such as A1, B, and C, is …

Milk protein comprises caseins (CNs) and whey proteins, each of which has different genetic
variants. Several studies have reported the frequencies of these genetic variants and the …

Although milk consumption is increasing worldwide, in some geographical regions, its
consumption has persistently declined in recent decades. This fact, together with the …

Background A number of randomised in vivo trials have to date investigated the health
impacts of the genetic variants A1 and A2 of bovine β-casein. The primary difference …

Abstract β-Casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) is a heptapeptide dietary molecule derived from the
digestion of the β-casein of dairy and dairy products. In this review, we have covered the …

Objectives: In this study, we hypothesized that replacing conventional milk, which contains
A1 and A2 β-casein proteins, with milk that contains only A2 β-casein in the diet of dairy or …

Background Dairy products from a range of species, including caprine products, have been
labelled as A2. Yet these simple terms do not accurately capture the complexity of casein …

The genetic variant A1 of bovine β-casein (β-Cn) presents a His residue at a position 67 of
the mature protein. This feature makes the Ile66-His67 bond more vulnerable to enzymatic …