One specialization of vertebrate presynaptic neuronal membranes is their multifold
enrichment in complex gangliosides, suggesting that these sialoglycolipids may play a …

Botulinum toxins are metalloproteases that act inside nerve terminals and block
neurotransmitter release through their cleavage of components of the exocytosis machinery …

Because O blood group has been associated with more severe cholera infections, it has
been hypothesized that cholera toxin (CT) may bind non-O blood group antigens of the …

Increased antibody reactivity towards self-antigens is often indicative of a disruption of
homeostatic immune pathways in the body. In celiac disease, an autoimmune enteropathy …

Autoantibody production is an important feature of many autoimmune disorders, signifying a
breakdown of immune tolerance to self-antigens. In celiac disease, an autoimmune …

Whereas asymmetric transbilayer lipid distribution in the plasma membrane is well
recognized, methods to examine the precise localization of lipids are limited. In this review …

It has been reported that cholera toxin B subunit (CTb) is a sensitive neuronal tracer with
unique features. However, the possible uptake of CTb by non-terminal fibers passing …

High titers of IgM anti‐GM1 antibodies are commonly found in the serum of patients with
some lower motor neuron disorders and peripheral neuropathies. Enzyme‐linked …

Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids localized to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane
of vertebrate cells. The highest ganglioside concentration of any organ is found in the …

The receptors for cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LT) in rabbit small
intestinal epithelium were characterized and compared.(i) In vivo studies in ligated intestinal …