A singular pathogen has been killing animals, contaminating food and causing an array of
human diseases. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the cause of …

Simple Summary Paratuberculosis is a chronic disease of ruminants and many non-
ruminant animals caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis …

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), being a dairy-borne pathogen,
resistant of pasteurization and other sterilization techniques, is a major cause for …

The pasture-based replacement dairy heifer is typically housed and managed intensively
from birth until weaning, but post-weaning is housed outdoors in paddocks under less …

Antibiotic resistance has become a major health concern globally, with current predictions
expecting deaths related to resistant infections to surpass those of cancer by 2050. Major …

Microbial biofilms are prevalent in various environments and pose significant challenges to
food safety and public health. The biofilms formed by pathogens can cause food spoilage …

Johne's Disease (JD) is an infectious ruminant disease that can cause economic loss for
famers through reduced milk yields and infertility and has negative implications for animal …

The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been used for over one hundred years to
protect against the most lethal infectious agent in human history, tuberculosis. Over four …

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified host genetic variants associated
with paratuberculosis (PTB) susceptibility. Most of the GWAS-identified SNPs are in non …

Methods Online data sources (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google) published
in English between 1980 to present were searched for key words pertaining to MAP …