Background Socio-emotional development is the expression and management of emotions,
which in non-human primates can be examined using responses toward increasing levels of …

In the context of health care, risk assessment is the identification, evaluation and estimation
of risk related to a particular clinical situation or intervention compared to accepted medical …

Background: Retrospective clinical studies suggest there is a risk for neurodevelopmental
impairment following early childhood exposure to anaesthesia. In the developing animal …

Two decades ago, the possibility that anesthetics could harm the developing brain was
identified in rodents. 1 This work has been replicated in multiple species, including …

Background Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is common, but it remains unclear whether
there are long-term adverse cognitive effects of surgery combined with anesthesia. The …

Background We hypothesised that exposure to multiple, but not single, procedures requiring
general anaesthesia before age 3 yr is associated with a specific pattern of deficits in …

Mitochondria damage and apoptosis were found associated with sevoflurane induced
neurotoxicity in developing brains of rodent and neuro cell lines. The detailed upstream …

Purpose For over 150 years of anesthetic practice, it was believed that the effects of general
anesthetics were temporary and not adverse. A growing number of studies over the past 2 …

General anesthetics depress excitatory and/or enhance inhibitory synaptic transmission
principally by modulating the function of glutamatergic or GABAergic synapses, respectively …

Experimental data with reasonable translational relevance suggest that early-life exposure
to general anesthetics can induce lasting behavioral and cognitive deficits. In contrast …