Nearly half a century has passed since the discovery of cytoplasmic inheritance of human
chloramphenicol resistance. The inheritance was then revealed to take place maternally by …

Learning to recognize and respond to potential threats is crucial for survival. Pavlovian
threat conditioning represents a key paradigm for investigating the neurobiological …

This Special Issue has focused on dissecting the neuroprotective and neurodegenerative
components of neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases, highlighting the latest advance …

Memory and learning are essential cognitive processes that enable us to obtain, retain, and
recall information. These factors are crucial for survival, adaptation, and creativity. However …

Fear conditioning and avoidance tasks usually elicit adaptive aversive memories. Traumatic
memories are more intense, generalized, inflexible, and resistant to attenuation via …

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex stress-related disorder induced by
exposure to traumatic stress that is characterized by symptoms of re-experiencing …

Glucocorticoids are primary stress hormones that exert neuronal effects via both genomic
and non-genomic signaling pathways. However, their rapid non-genomic effects and …

Preclinical and clinical work suggests that mifepristone may be a viable treatment for alcohol
use disorder (AUD). This was a Phase 1/2, outpatient, cross‐over, randomized, double …

Rationale Traumatic stress leads to persistent fear, which is a core feature of post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD). Women are more likely than men to develop PTSD after trauma …

Contextual and spatial systems facilitate changes in emotional memory regulation brought
on by traumatic stress. Cholinergic basal forebrain (chBF) neurons provide input to …