The innate immune system is present in all animals and is a crucial first line of defence
against pathogens. However, animals also harbour large numbers of beneficial …

Digestive-tract microbiota exert tremendous influence over host health. Host-symbiont model
systems are studied to investigate how symbioses are initiated and maintained, as well as to …

ABSTRACT Fluoroquinolones (FQs) and ciprofloxacin (Cp) are important antimicrobials that
pollute the environment in trace amounts. Although Cp has been recommended as …

An important question that remains unanswered is how the vertebrate neuroimmune system
can be both friend and foe to the damaged nervous tissue. Some of the difficulty in obtaining …

There are trillions of microbes found throughout the human body and they exceed the
number of eukaryotic cells by 10-fold. Metagenomic studies have revealed that the majority …

Aeromonas veronii strain Hm21 was isolated from the digestive tract of the medicinal leech
Hirudo verbana and has been used to identify genes that are important for host colonization …

In most animals, digestive tracts harbor the greatest number of bacteria in the animal that
contribute to its health: by aiding in the digestion of nutrients, provisioning essential nutrients …

Leeches are found in terrestrial, aquatic, and marine habitats on all continents.
Sanguivorous leeches have been used in medicine for millennia. Modern scientific uses …

Transmission, critical to the establishment and persistence of host-associated microbiotas,
also exposes symbionts to new environmental conditions. With horizontal transmission …

反刍动物瘤胃内多种多样的微生物组成一个复杂的微生态系统, 它们在瘤胃内物质消化过程中
发挥重要作用. RNA? Seq 技术的出现为反刍动物瘤胃微生物的研究提供了前所未有的机遇 …