Plague is a vector-borne disease caused by Yersinia pestis. Transmitted by fleas from
rodent reservoirs, Y. pestis emerged< 6000 years ago from an enteric bacterial ancestor …

Bacteria that have sustained long-standing close associations with eukaryotic hosts have
evolved specific adaptations to survive and replicate in this environment. Perhaps one of the …

Cranial radiation therapy causes a progressive decline in cognitive function that is linked to
impaired neurogenesis. Chronic inflammation accompanies radiation injury, suggesting that …

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is able to suppress production of
inflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1β, which are generated through caspase-1-activating …

▪ Abstract Many phytopathogenic bacteria inject virulence effector proteins into plant cells via
a Hrp type III secretion system (TTSS). Without the TTSS, these pathogens cannot defeat …

The Gram-negative bacterial envelope is an essential interface between the intracellular
and harsh extracellular environment. Envelope stress responses (ESRs) are crucial to the …

That we live with numerous bacteria in our gut without any adverse effects is a remarkable
feat by the body's immune system, particularly considering the wealth of sensing and effector …

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is a highly uniform clone that diverged
recently from the enteric pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Despite their close genetic …

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall component characteristic of Gram-negative
bacteria, is a representative pathogen-associated molecular pattern that allows mammalian …

At mammalian body temperature, the plague bacillus Yersinia pestis synthesizes
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–lipid A with poor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)–stimulating activity …